Ontology for Open Data Web (voc4odw)

Draft: 2016-06-01

Last Published: 2016-06-01

Previous versions:

This version in RDF/XML; in Turtle.

Authors:

Andrea Wei-Ching Huang, Cheng-Jen Lee and Tyng-Ruey Chuang, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.

Introduction:

This document describes an ontology for publishing Linked Open Data (LOD) in the Open Data Web.  The initial ontology is being designed for implementing CC licensed data in the Union Catalog of Digital Archives Taiwan . However, the core model of the ontology is flexible and adaptable for other uses in curating, publishing and reusing their data according to users’ context.   .

Status:

The ontology is in its draft stage and calls for comments and suggestions. The implementation of using voc4odw is at data.odw.tw.

Overview:

The ontology consists three parts, namely the Core Model, the Collection IDs and the Vocabulary from external.

文字方塊:   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Namespace:

The voc4odw Ontology IRI: http://voc.odw.tw/

Prefix

Namespace

Description

aat

http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/

Art and Architecture Thesaurus

cc

http://creativecommons.org/ns#

Creative Commons Rights Expression Language

dc

http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/

DC 15 Elements

dct

http://purl.org/dc/terms/

DCMI Metadata Terms

dcat

http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#

Data Catalog Vocabulary

dwc

http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/

Darwin Core Terms (string literal objects))

dwciri

http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/ 

Darwin Core terms (IRI reference objects)

eol

http://eol.org/pages/  

The Encyclopaedia of Life (EOL)

event

http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/event.owl#

Event Ontology

foaf

http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

FOAF Vocabulary Specification

geo

http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#

WGS84 Geo Positioning: an RDF vocabulary

gn

http://www.geonames.org/ontology#

GeoNames Ontology

gns

http://sws.geonames.org/

GeoNames Entity

lcsh

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/

Library of Congress Subject Headings

org

http://www.w3.org/ns/org#

The Organization Ontology

prov

http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#

The PROV namespace

r4r

http://guava.iis.sinica.edu.tw/r4r/

Relations for Reusing Ontology

schema

http://schema.org/

Schema.org

skos

http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#

Simple Knowledge Organization System

time

http://www.w3.org/2006/time#

Time Ontology

txn

http://lod.taxonconcept.org/ontology/txn.owl#

Taxon Concept OWL Ontology

voaf

http://purl.org/vocommons/voaf#

Vocabulary of a Friend (VOAF)

wd

http://www.wikidata.org/ontology#

Wikidata Ontology

wde

http://www.wikidata.org/entity/

Wikidata Entity

odw

http://odw.tw/

Open Data Web (ODW)

article

http://data.odw.tw/article/

Textual Description with rdf:type r4r:Article in ODW

data

http://data.odw.tw/record/

Linked Data for Open Data Web

code

http://data.odw.tw/code/

Code Description with rdf:type r4r:Code in ODW

r1 

http://data.odw.tw/r1/  

Refined Version(s) of ODW Entity

project

http://data.odw.tw/project/

Project Entity in ODW

agent

http://data.odw.tw/agent/ 

Organization/Agent  Entity in ODW

evt84

http://data.odw.tw/event/ 

Event Entity in ODW

voc

http://voc.odw.tw/ontology#  

Ontology for Open Data Web 

 

#############################################

#

#    Classes: Core Model

#############################################

 

 

###  voc:CoreModels

o    skos:definition "The Core Model is responsible for the key structure to linked data publishing at the Open Data Web. " .

###  voc:DataModel

o    rdfs:subClassOf :CoreModels

o    skos:definition "voc:DataModel represents key data structure and relation separated from conceptual level concepts. A framework to illustrate data's primary source, derivation and provenance statements.  " .

###  voc:DerivationData

o    rdfs:subClassOf :DataModel

o    skos:definition "A data resource obtains something from a specified primary source through specific rules. " .

###  voc:DomainKnowledge

o    rdfs:subClassOf :Context

o    skos:definition "Interpretation from domain knowledge vocabularies like Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) and Darwin Core Terms (dwc)" .

###  voc:Event

o    owl:equivalentClass skos:Concept

o    rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualModel

o    skos:definition "A main concept to relate people, place and time. An event resource can be a statement about human-associated process like birth without spatio-temporal descriptions or a spatial entity like an unknown event locate in some place or an unknown event as a temporal entity with time descriptions." .

###  voc:KnownEvent

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:Refined

o    skos:definition "Event concept is being recognized from specific field description of the primary data. For instance, data of the photo taken in a photo event, place of the object created in a creation event, or people who are involved in a specific event." .

###  voc:Object 

o    owl:equivalentClass skos:Collection

o    rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualModel

o    skos:definition "voc:Objects are groups of SKOS concepts for event's factors and products." .

###  voc:OpenData       

o    rdfs:subClassOf :CoreModels

o    skos:definition "Data curated and published in response to the global demands on public access to data. For high-level requirements of reproducibility, the component and mechanism design are in the packaging of articles, data and code." .

###  voc:People      

o    rdfs:subClassOf voc:Event

o    skos:definition "A concept to combine agent, person, organization and project. An event resource can be a statement about human-associated process like birth without spatio-temporal description." .

###  voc:Place     

o    owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class

o    owl:unionOf ( dct:Location

o    schema:Place

o    geo:SpatialThing prov:Location ) ]

o    rdfs:subClassOf voc:Event

o    skos:definition "Place combines concepts like Place, Location and Spatial Thing. An event resource can be a statement about a spatial entity like an unknown event locate in some place." .

###  voc:PrimaryData          

o    rdfs:subClassOf :DataModel

o    skos:definition "Original resources which support the derivation of data." .

###  voc:PrimarySource            

o    owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class

o    owl:unionOf ( prov:Entity prov:PrimarySource )]

o    rdfs:subClassOf :PrimaryData

o    skos:definition "The original sources, most of time are from the original data creators." .

###  voc:RelatedDocument              

o    rdfs:subClassOf :OpenData .

###  voc:SharedCode          

o    rdfs:subClassOf :OpenData .

###  voc:SharedData           

o    rdfs:subClassOf :OpenData .

###  voc:Time     

o    owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class

o    owl:unionOf ( dct:PeriodOfTime time:TemporalEntity )]

o    rdfs:subClassOf voc:Event

o    skos:definition "Time combines concepts like temporal entity, date, period, time instance, and interval.  Thing. An event resource can be a statement about a temporal entity like an unknown event happened at some time." .

###  voc:UnKnownEvent            

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:Refined

o    skos:definition "Event concept not or not yet be recognized from specific field description of the primary data. " .

###  catdat: DAURL           

o    rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs

o    skos:definition "URL of the resource from catdat: " .

###  data:Agent         

o    rdfs:label "data:Agent"

o    owl:equivalentClass org:Organization

o    rdfs:subClassOf :People .

###  data:CSV        

o    rdfs:label "data:CSV"

o    rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData .

###  data:CSV-CLEANED               

o    rdfs:label "data:CSV-CLEANED"

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:CSV .

###  data:CSV-MAPPING               

o    rdfs:label "data:CSV-MAPPING"

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:CSV .

###  data:CSV-REFINED

o    rdfs:label "data:CSV-REFINED"

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:CSV .

###  data:JSON        

o    rdfs:label "data:JSON"

o    rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData .

###  data:JSON-LD            

o    rdfs:label "data:JSON-LD"

o    rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData .

###  data:Person           

o    owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class

o    owl:unionOf ( prov:Person foaf:Person)]

o    rdfs:subClassOf :People .

###  data:Project            

o    rdfs:label "data:Project"

o    owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class

o    owl:unionOf ( org:OrganizationalCollaboration

o    prov:Activity prov:Organization )]

o    rdfs:subClassOf :People .

###  data:Provenance

o    owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class

o    owl:unionOf ( r4r:Provenance

o    prov:Activity prov:Agent prov:Entity)]

o    rdfs:subClassOf :DataModel

o    skos:definition "data:Provenance uses r4r:Provenance as key component model to be packaged with the reused data publishing in data.odw.tw." .

###  data:RDFXML          

o    rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData .

###  data:Refined            

o    rdfs:subClassOf :DerivationData

o    skos:definition "A derivation data extracted something from data:Reused to enrich semantics of the resource. Semantic meanings of different interpretations are provided from conceptual model. Different interpretations or different derivation processes are curated in different refined versions (ex. r1, r2, r3...). " .

###  data:Reused           

o    owl:equivalentClass r4r:RRObject

o    rdfs:subClassOf :DerivationData

o    skos:definition "A derivation data extracted something from voc:PrimaryData. For instance, the unique subject resource in the data.odw.tw which reuse primary source and support semantic enrichment for derivation data (refined data). " .

###  data:SPARQL          

o    rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData .

###  data:Reused            

o    owl:equivalentClass r4r:RRObject

o    rdfs:subClassOf :DerivationData

o    skos:definition "A derivation data extracted something from voc:PrimaryData. For instance, the unique subject resource in the data.odw.tw which reuse primary source and support semantic enrichment for derivation data (refined data). " .

###  data:SPARQL           

o    rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData .

###  voc:CatalogRecord             

o    owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class

o    owl:unionOf ( dcat:Catalog prov:Derivation prov:Entity ) ]

o    rdfs:subClassOf :PrimaryData

o    skos:definition " Records of item collections organized and curated in a systematic order." .

###  voc:CommonKnowledge               

o    rdfs:subClassOf :Context

o    skos:definition "Interpretation from common knowledge vocabulary like Schema.org." .

###  voc:ConceptualModel                

o    rdfs:subClassOf :CoreModels

o    skos:definition "The conceptual model incorporates SKOS and explains connections to the key event concept which is contextualized by common or domain knowledge vocabularies." .

###  voc:Context        

o    owl:equivalentClass skos:ConceptScheme

o    rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualModel

o    skos:definition "Context is contextualized by common or domain knowledge vocabularies. " .

###  data:TTL       

o    rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData .

###  data:XML        

o    rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData .

 

 

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#

#    Classes: Collection IDs and voaf:Vocabulary

#############################################

 

###  agent:qID        

o    rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs

o    skos:definition "Agent ID, and are mostly mapped with wikidata ID." .

###  evt84: dOID          

o    rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs

o    skos:definition "Event ID list. Two main categories of events are distinguished as Known Event and Un-known event." .

###  evt84: event-dOID               

o    rdfs:subClassOf evt84:dOID

o    skos:definition "Unknown Event ID." .

###  evt84: eventType-dOID                    

o    rdfs:subClassOf evt84:dOID

o    skos:definition "9 event types are in current dataset. An event type belongs physical creation process will have event type id as evt84:phyCre-dOID. A digital publication process will be classified with event Id like evt84:digPub-dOID." .

###  project:qID           

o    rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs

o    skos:definition "Project ID, and are mostly mapped with wikidata ID." .

###  r1:r1-rOID          

o    rdfs:subClassOf refined:dOID .

###  r2:r2-rOID         

o    rdfs:label "r2:r2-rOID"

o    rdfs:subClassOf refined:dOID .

###  r3:r3-rOID          

o    rdfs:label "r3:r3-rOID"

o    rdfs:subClassOf refined:dOID .

###  data:Anthropology                 

o    rdfs:label "data:Anthropology" , "人類學"@zh

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:Archaeology                

o    rdfs:label "data:Archaeology" , "考古"@zh                 

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:Architecture                 

o    rdfs:label "data:Architecture" , "建築"@zh                  

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:Archives             

o    rdfs:label "data:Archives" , "檔案"@zh

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:Artifacts              

o    rdfs:label "data:Artifacts" , "器物"@zh

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:Biology            

o    rdfs:label "data:Biology" , "生物"@zh

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:Geology          

o    rdfs:label "data:Geology" , "地質"@zh

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:Manuscript

o    rdfs:label "data:Manuscript" , "善本古籍"@zh

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:Multimedia               

o    rdfs:label "data:Multimedia" , "影音"@zh

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:NewsMedia

o    rdfs:label "data:NewsMedia" , "新聞"@zh

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:PaintCal

o    rdfs:label "data:PaintCal" , "書畫"@zh

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:RareBook            

o    rdfs:label "data:RareBook" , "漢籍全文"@zh

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:ResearchReuse                  

o    rdfs:label "data:ResearchReuse" , "學術社會應用推廣"@zh

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:StoneRub             

o    rdfs:label "data:StoneRub" , "拓片"@zh

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .

###  data:dOID         

o    rdfs:label "data:dOID"

o    rdfs:subClassOf voc:CollectionIDs

o    skos:definition "The main data ID, the starting resource in current data.odw.tw, and  represents data:Reused resource. OID is the key to connect original catalog metadata." .

###  data:mappedID

o    rdfs:label "data:mappedID"

o    rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs

o    skos:definition "List of the mapped resource from external. ex. ID from wikidata, Geonames or The Encyclopaedia of Life (EOL)." .

###  data:pOID        

o    rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs

o    skos:definition "Provenance resource ID, and normally with date information about its generation time." .

###  data:themeID                         

o    rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs

o    skos:definition "Directory of data classified in theme (currently in 14 domains). " .

###  refined: dOID

o    rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs

o    skos:definition "Statements of refined semantics from data:Reused. Versions of refined objects will be represent with namespace: r1, r2,r3..." .

###  eol:ID      

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:mappedID .

###  gns:ID     

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:mappedID .

###  voc:CollectionIDs              

o    skos:definition "Type of resource ID in data.odw.tw." .

 

###  wde:qID       

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:mappedID .

###  voc:CollectionIDs              

o    skos:definition "Type of resource ID in data.odw.tw." .

###  wde:qID       

o    rdfs:subClassOf data:mappedID .

 

###  voaf:Vocabulary               

o    rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://lov.okfn.org/vocommons/voaf/v2.3/"^^xsd:anyURI

o    skos:definition "A vocabulary used in the linked data cloud.\" from original authors. We use voaf:Vocabulary as a main Class to relate the Core Model to external common vocabularies. Some hierarchy relations can be traced in this class." .

               

                  

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#

#    Object Properties (external terms are not listed here)

#

#######################################################

 

###  voc:initialIntervalOf

###  voc:isConceptualizedBy                  

o    rdfs:range :ConceptualModel

o    rdfs:domain :DataModel .

###  voc:lastIntervalOf

 

 

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#

#    Data properties (external terms are not listed here

#

#######################################################

 

###  data:digiArchiveID                 

o    rdfs:domain :CatalogRecord

o    rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral .

###  data:objectID             

o    rdfs:domain :CatalogRecord

o    rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral

o    rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topDataProperty .