Andrea Wei-Ching Huang, Cheng-Jen Lee and Tyng-Ruey Chuang, Institute of
Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
This document describes an
ontology for publishing Linked Open Data (LOD) in the Open Data Web. The initial
ontology is being designed for implementing CC licensed data in the Union Catalog of Digital Archives Taiwan . However, the core model of the
ontology is flexible and adaptable for other uses in curating, publishing and
reusing their data according to users’ context. .
The ontology is in its draft stage and calls for comments and suggestions.
The implementation of using voc4odw is at data.odw.tw.
The voc4odw Ontology IRI: http://voc.odw.tw/
Prefix |
Namespace |
Description |
aat |
http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/ |
Art and Architecture Thesaurus |
cc |
Creative Commons Rights Expression Language |
|
dc |
DC 15 Elements |
|
dct |
DCMI Metadata Terms |
|
dcat |
Data Catalog Vocabulary |
|
dwc |
Darwin Core Terms (string literal objects)) |
|
dwciri |
||
eol |
The Encyclopaedia of Life (EOL) |
|
event |
http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/event.owl# |
Event Ontology |
foaf |
FOAF Vocabulary Specification |
|
geo |
http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos# |
WGS84 Geo Positioning: an RDF vocabulary |
gn |
GeoNames Ontology |
|
gns |
GeoNames Entity |
|
lcsh |
http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/ |
Library of Congress Subject Headings |
org |
The Organization Ontology |
|
prov |
The PROV namespace |
|
r4r |
Relations for Reusing Ontology |
|
schema |
Schema.org |
|
skos |
Simple Knowledge Organization System |
|
time |
http://www.w3.org/2006/time# |
Time Ontology |
txn |
http://lod.taxonconcept.org/ontology/txn.owl# |
Taxon Concept OWL Ontology |
voaf |
http://purl.org/vocommons/voaf# |
Vocabulary of a Friend (VOAF) |
wd |
Wikidata Ontology |
|
wde |
Wikidata Entity |
|
odw |
Open Data Web (ODW) |
|
article |
Textual Description with rdf:type r4r:Article in ODW |
|
data |
Linked Data for Open Data Web |
|
code |
Code Description with rdf:type r4r:Code in ODW |
|
r1 |
Refined Version(s) of ODW Entity |
|
project |
Project Entity in ODW |
|
agent |
Organization/Agent Entity in ODW |
|
evt84 |
Event Entity in ODW |
|
voc |
http://voc.odw.tw/ontology# |
Ontology for Open Data Web |
#############################################
#
# Classes:
Core Model
#############################################
### voc:CoreModels
o skos:definition "The Core Model is responsible for
the key structure to linked data publishing at the Open Data Web. " .
### voc:DataModel
o rdfs:subClassOf :CoreModels
o skos:definition "voc:DataModel
represents key data structure and relation separated from conceptual level
concepts. A framework to illustrate data's primary source, derivation and
provenance statements. " .
### voc:DerivationData
o rdfs:subClassOf :DataModel
o skos:definition "A data resource obtains something
from a specified primary source through specific rules. " .
### voc:DomainKnowledge
o rdfs:subClassOf :Context
o skos:definition "Interpretation from domain
knowledge vocabularies like Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) and Darwin
Core Terms (dwc)" .
### voc:Event
o owl:equivalentClass skos:Concept
o rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualModel
o skos:definition "A main concept to relate people,
place and time. An event resource can be a statement about human-associated
process like birth without spatio-temporal
descriptions or a spatial entity like an unknown event locate in some place or
an unknown event as a temporal entity with time descriptions."
.
### voc:KnownEvent
o rdfs:subClassOf data:Refined
o skos:definition "Event concept is being recognized
from specific field description of the primary data. For instance, data of the
photo taken in a photo event, place of the object created in a creation event,
or people who are involved in a specific event." .
### voc:Object
o owl:equivalentClass skos:Collection
o rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualModel
o skos:definition "voc:Objects
are groups of SKOS concepts for event's factors and products." .
### voc:OpenData
o rdfs:subClassOf :CoreModels
o skos:definition "Data curated and published in
response to the global demands on public access to data. For high-level
requirements of reproducibility, the component and mechanism design are in the
packaging of articles, data and code." .
### voc:People
o rdfs:subClassOf voc:Event
o skos:definition "A concept to combine agent, person,
organization and project. An event resource can be a statement about
human-associated process like birth without spatio-temporal
description." .
### voc:Place
o owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type
owl:Class
o owl:unionOf ( dct:Location
o
schema:Place
o
geo:SpatialThing prov:Location
) ]
o rdfs:subClassOf voc:Event
o skos:definition "Place combines concepts like Place,
Location and Spatial Thing. An event resource can be a statement about a
spatial entity like an unknown event locate in some place."
.
### voc:PrimaryData
o rdfs:subClassOf :DataModel
o skos:definition "Original resources which support
the derivation of data." .
### voc:PrimarySource
o
owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type
owl:Class
o
owl:unionOf ( prov:Entity prov:PrimarySource )]
o
rdfs:subClassOf :PrimaryData
o
skos:definition "The original sources,
most of time are from the original data creators." .
### voc:RelatedDocument
o
rdfs:subClassOf :OpenData
.
### voc:SharedCode
o
rdfs:subClassOf :OpenData
.
### voc:SharedData
o
rdfs:subClassOf :OpenData
.
### voc:Time
o owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type
owl:Class
o owl:unionOf ( dct:PeriodOfTime
time:TemporalEntity )]
o rdfs:subClassOf voc:Event
o skos:definition "Time combines concepts like
temporal entity, date, period, time instance, and interval. Thing. An event resource can be a statement
about a temporal entity like an unknown event happened at some time." .
### voc:UnKnownEvent
o rdfs:subClassOf data:Refined
o skos:definition "Event concept not or not yet be
recognized from specific field description of the primary data. " .
### catdat:
DAURL
o rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs
o skos:definition "URL of the resource from catdat: " .
### data:Agent
o rdfs:label "data:Agent"
o owl:equivalentClass org:Organization
o rdfs:subClassOf :People .
### data:CSV
o rdfs:label "data:CSV"
o rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData .
### data:CSV-CLEANED
o rdfs:label "data:CSV-CLEANED"
o rdfs:subClassOf data:CSV .
### data:CSV-MAPPING
o rdfs:label "data:CSV-MAPPING"
o rdfs:subClassOf data:CSV .
### data:CSV-REFINED
o rdfs:label "data:CSV-REFINED"
o rdfs:subClassOf data:CSV .
### data:JSON
o rdfs:label "data:JSON"
o rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData .
### data:JSON-LD
o rdfs:label "data:JSON-LD"
o rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData .
### data:Person
o owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type
owl:Class
o owl:unionOf ( prov:Person
foaf:Person)]
o rdfs:subClassOf :People .
### data:Project
o rdfs:label "data:Project"
o owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type
owl:Class
o owl:unionOf ( org:OrganizationalCollaboration
o prov:Activity prov:Organization
)]
o rdfs:subClassOf :People .
### data:Provenance
o owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type
owl:Class
o owl:unionOf ( r4r:Provenance
o
prov:Activity prov:Agent
prov:Entity)]
o rdfs:subClassOf :DataModel
o skos:definition "data:Provenance
uses r4r:Provenance as key component model to be packaged with the reused data
publishing in data.odw.tw." .
### data:RDFXML
o
rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData
.
### data:Refined
o rdfs:subClassOf :DerivationData
o skos:definition "A derivation data extracted
something from data:Reused to enrich semantics of the
resource. Semantic meanings of different interpretations are provided from
conceptual model. Different interpretations or different derivation processes
are curated in different refined versions (ex. r1, r2, r3...). " .
### data:Reused
o owl:equivalentClass r4r:RRObject
o rdfs:subClassOf :DerivationData
o skos:definition "A derivation data extracted
something from voc:PrimaryData. For instance, the
unique subject resource in the data.odw.tw which reuse primary source and
support semantic enrichment for derivation data (refined data). " .
### data:SPARQL
o
rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData
.
### data:Reused
o owl:equivalentClass r4r:RRObject
o rdfs:subClassOf :DerivationData
o skos:definition "A derivation data extracted
something from voc:PrimaryData. For instance, the
unique subject resource in the data.odw.tw which reuse primary source and
support semantic enrichment for derivation data (refined data). " .
### data:SPARQL
o
rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData
.
### voc:CatalogRecord
o
owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type
owl:Class
o
owl:unionOf ( dcat:Catalog prov:Derivation prov:Entity ) ]
o
rdfs:subClassOf :PrimaryData
o
skos:definition " Records of item
collections organized and curated in a systematic order." .
### voc:CommonKnowledge
o rdfs:subClassOf :Context
o skos:definition "Interpretation from common
knowledge vocabulary like Schema.org." .
### voc:ConceptualModel
o rdfs:subClassOf :CoreModels
o skos:definition "The conceptual model incorporates
SKOS and explains connections to the key event concept which is contextualized
by common or domain knowledge vocabularies." .
### voc:Context
o owl:equivalentClass skos:ConceptScheme
o rdfs:subClassOf :ConceptualModel
o skos:definition "Context is contextualized by common
or domain knowledge vocabularies. " .
### data:TTL
o
rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData
.
### data:XML
o
rdfs:subClassOf :SharedData
.
#############################################
#
# Classes:
Collection IDs and voaf:Vocabulary
#############################################
### agent:qID
o rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs
o skos:definition "Agent ID, and are mostly mapped
with wikidata ID." .
### evt84: dOID
o rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs
o skos:definition "Event ID list. Two main categories
of events are distinguished as Known Event and Un-known event." .
### evt84: event-dOID
o rdfs:subClassOf evt84:dOID
o skos:definition "Unknown Event ID." .
### evt84: eventType-dOID
o rdfs:subClassOf evt84:dOID
o skos:definition "9 event types are in current
dataset. An event type belongs physical creation process will have event type
id as evt84:phyCre-dOID. A digital publication process
will be classified with event Id like evt84:digPub-dOID." .
### project:qID
o rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs
o skos:definition "Project ID, and are mostly mapped
with wikidata ID." .
### r1:r1-rOID
o rdfs:subClassOf refined:dOID .
### r2:r2-rOID
o rdfs:label
"r2:r2-rOID"
o rdfs:subClassOf refined:dOID .
### r3:r3-rOID
o rdfs:label
"r3:r3-rOID"
o rdfs:subClassOf refined:dOID .
### data:Anthropology
o rdfs:label "data:Anthropology"
, "人類學"@zh
o rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .
### data:Archaeology
o rdfs:label "data:Archaeology"
, "考古"@zh
o rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .
### data:Architecture
o rdfs:label "data:Architecture"
, "建築"@zh
o rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .
### data:Archives
o rdfs:label "data:Archives"
, "檔案"@zh
o rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .
### data:Artifacts
o rdfs:label "data:Artifacts"
, "器物"@zh
o rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .
### data:Biology
o rdfs:label "data:Biology"
, "生物"@zh
o rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .
### data:Geology
o rdfs:label "data:Geology"
, "地質"@zh
o rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .
### data:Manuscript
o rdfs:label "data:Manuscript"
, "善本古籍"@zh
o rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .
### data:Multimedia
o rdfs:label "data:Multimedia"
, "影音"@zh
o rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .
### data:NewsMedia
o rdfs:label "data:NewsMedia"
, "新聞"@zh
o rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .
### data:PaintCal
o rdfs:label "data:PaintCal"
, "書畫"@zh
o rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .
### data:RareBook
o
rdfs:label "data:RareBook"
, "漢籍全文"@zh
o
rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID
.
### data:ResearchReuse
o rdfs:label "data:ResearchReuse"
, "學術社會應用推廣"@zh
o rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID .
### data:StoneRub
o
rdfs:label "data:StoneRub"
, "拓片"@zh
o
rdfs:subClassOf data:themeID
.
### data:dOID
o
rdfs:label "data:dOID"
o
rdfs:subClassOf voc:CollectionIDs
o
skos:definition "The main data ID, the
starting resource in current data.odw.tw, and
represents data:Reused resource. OID is the
key to connect original catalog metadata." .
### data:mappedID
o rdfs:label "data:mappedID"
o rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs
o skos:definition "List of the mapped resource from
external. ex. ID from wikidata, Geonames
or The Encyclopaedia of Life (EOL)." .
### data:pOID
o rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs
o skos:definition "Provenance resource ID, and
normally with date information about its generation time." .
### data:themeID
o rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs
o skos:definition "Directory of data classified in
theme (currently in 14 domains). " .
### refined: dOID
o rdfs:subClassOf :CollectionIDs
o skos:definition "Statements of refined semantics
from data:Reused. Versions of refined objects will be
represent with namespace: r1, r2,r3..." .
### eol:ID
o
rdfs:subClassOf data:mappedID
.
### gns:ID
o
rdfs:subClassOf data:mappedID
.
### voc:CollectionIDs
o
skos:definition "Type of resource ID in
data.odw.tw." .
### wde:qID
o rdfs:subClassOf data:mappedID .
### voc:CollectionIDs
o skos:definition "Type of resource ID in
data.odw.tw." .
### wde:qID
o rdfs:subClassOf data:mappedID .
### voaf:Vocabulary
o
rdfs:isDefinedBy
"http://lov.okfn.org/vocommons/voaf/v2.3/"^^xsd:anyURI
o
skos:definition "A vocabulary used in
the linked data cloud.\" from original authors. We use voaf:Vocabulary as a main Class to relate the Core
Model to external common vocabularies. Some hierarchy relations can be traced
in this class." .
#######################################################
#
# Object Properties (external terms are not
listed here)
#
#######################################################
### voc:initialIntervalOf
### voc:isConceptualizedBy
o rdfs:range :ConceptualModel
o rdfs:domain :DataModel .
### voc:lastIntervalOf
#######################################################
#
# Data properties (external terms are not
listed here
#
#######################################################
### data:digiArchiveID
o rdfs:domain :CatalogRecord
o rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral
.
### data:objectID
o rdfs:domain :CatalogRecord
o rdfs:range rdf:PlainLiteral
o rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topDataProperty
.